US Class VI State Primacy

States with EPA-delegated authority — typically <1 year vs EPA's 2+ year backlog (~175-239 pending)

2018
North Dakota
~8 permits issued; 10yr post-injection liability transfer
→
2020
Wyoming
9 construction permits; 20yr post-injection transfer
→
2023
Louisiana
First permit Sep 2025; moratorium Oct 2025
→
2025
West Virginia
Reviewing initial applications
→
2025
Arizona
Recently approved
→
2025
Texas
RRC administers; 18 EPA apps transferred; ~6-mo target
→

Key Comparison

State Primacy
~6-12 month review • Local expertise • Streamlined process • Must meet federal standards
EPA Direct
2+ year backlog • 175-239 pending • Consistent national standard • Resource-constrained